The collapse of Somalia’s central government in the early 1990s severely damaged the national health system, resulting in the dismantling of infrastructure, the displacement of trained personnel, and a decline in the quality of care. In Puntland, recovery efforts have led to gradual improvements in health infrastructure, policy development, and service delivery. However, the healthcare landscape remains dominated by the private sector, with limited public facilities and minimal government regulation. Despite notable progress, many residents still face barriers to accessing quality, affordable, and specialized medical services. Chronic diseases, maternal mortality, and inadequate drug regulation continue to pose serious public health challenges, especially for marginalized groups such as internally displaced persons (IDPs).
This study investigates the growing trend of Puntland residents seeking medical care outside the region, within Somalia, and abroad. It highlights the gaps in local health services, particularly the lack of specialized care, including cardiology, oncology, and neurology. It highlights the financial and logistical burdens associated with medical travel. Drawing on interviews with health professionals and patients, the research identifies systemic shortcomings in training, equipment, and oversight, while also pointing to opportunities for strategic investment and reform. The findings aim to inform policymakers, health institutions, and development partners about the urgent need to strengthen Puntland’s health sector.