PDRC’s report “Social Media and Conflict Dynamics in Somalia” explores how digital platforms like Facebook, TikTok, WhatsApp, and YouTube influence Somalia’s fragile peace and conflict situation. While social media has become an essential tool for communication, news, and mobilization among Somalis both locally and in the diaspora, it has also become a source of clan polarization, misinformation, and political incitement. The study emphasizes how online narratives often drive inter-clan conflict, with diaspora-based influencers identified as the primary sources of tensions.
Based on surveys with 312 respondents across Somalia and interviews with 32 journalists, influencers, and policymakers, the research shows that most Somalis see social media as mainly having a negative effect on conflict dynamics. However, the study also highlights its dual role: besides spreading hate and propaganda, social media has been effectively used to promote peace agreements, counter extremist narratives, and amplify voices advocating for reconciliation. This illustrates that, when used positively, social media can be a powerful tool for peacebuilding.
The report urges prompt action to reduce harmful content and enhance Somalia’s digital governance. Key recommendations include creating comprehensive laws against hate speech, cyberbullying, and misinformation; establishing monitoring systems; involving diaspora communities in promoting responsible online behaviour; and supporting grassroots peace projects that use social media for dialogue. Ultimately, the study highlights that while social media presents serious risks to stability, it also offers significant potential as a platform for peace and resilience when managed effectively.